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Recent research posted today on a medical website intended for infectious disease docs:
Tick-specific borrelial antigens appear to be upregulated in American but not European patients with lyme arthritis, a late manifestation of lyme borreliosis
Li X, Strle K, Wang P, Acosta DI, McHugh GA, Sikand N, Strle F, Steere AC.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2013 Sep; 208(6):934-41.
Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) sensu lato, the etiologic agent of Lyme borreliosis, adapts to distinct environments in the mammalian host and the tick vector by differential gene expression. As a result, infected experimental models are not exposed to and rarely make antibodies to the set of antigens that are preferentially expressed in the tick, including outer surface protein A (OspA), Borrelia iron and copper
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